Potassium chlorate
Potassium chlorate
CAS: 3811-04-9
Molecular Formula: ClKO3
Potassium chlorate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Potassium chlorate |
| Synonyms | Berthollet's salt Potassium chlorate Chlorate of potash Chlorate de potassium Potassio (clorato di) Chlorate of potassium CHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT |
| CAS | 3811-04-9 |
| EINECS | 223-289-7 |
| InChI | InChI=1/ClHO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 |
Potassium chlorate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | ClKO3 |
| Molar Mass | 122.5495 |
| Density | 2,32 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 356 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 400°C |
| Water Solubility | 73 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 20℃ |
| Appearance | Powder/Solid |
| Specific Gravity | 2.32 |
| Color | White |
| Merck | 14,7620 |
| PH | 5.6 (73g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stability Strong oxidizer - contact with combustible material may cause fire. Mixtures with combustible material may be shock-sensitive. Incompatible with organics, combustible materials, strong reduc |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless monoclinic crystal or white powder, salty and cool taste. melting point 356 ℃ relative density 2.32 solubility soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol, glycerol, liquid ammonia, insoluble in acetone. |
| Use | Used for making matches, powder, fireworks, also used for printing and dyeing, dyes, paper making, etc |
Potassium chlorate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R9 - Explosive when mixed with combustible material R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| Safety Description | S13 - Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 1485 5.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | FO0350000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2829 19 00 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1870 mg/kg |
Potassium chlorate - Upstream Downstream Industry
Potassium chlorate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless, transparent, shiny crystals or white particles or powders. Melting point 368 C; d 2.32. 19 The product can be slowly dissolved in 16.5ml water, 1.8mL boiling water, about 50mL glycerol, almost insoluble in ethanol. Its aqueous solution is neutral. Decomposition begins at about 400 °c and all oxygen is released at 610 °c. In the presence of the catalyst (manganese dioxide), oxygen is evolved by decomposition at a lower temperature. With strong oxidation. Risk of combustion explosion when contacted or mixed with organic matter, reducing agents, and combustible materials. Explosion can occur when heated sharply.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Potassium chlorate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The sodium chlorate solution was allowed to react with a certain amount of potassium chloride, and the resulting solution was cooled and crystallized to obtain a crude product. Then, the obtained crude product is dissolved in water, subjected to recrystallization purification, filtration, cooling, Suction filtration to remove crystals, washed with a small amount of cold water, and then dried.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:35
Potassium chlorate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Analytical reagents for the determination of manganese, sulfur, nickel, copper, iron sulfide. Also used as oxidant, oxygen raw materials, explosive raw materials.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:35
Potassium chlorate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
is a blood poison, manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage, and even asphyxia. Dust is irritating to the respiratory tract. The lethal dose to humans is about 109. Staff should be well protected, if accidentally touch the eyes, should immediately rinse with a large amount of flowing water. The working environment should have good ventilation conditions. It should be stored separately from flammable and combustible materials, reducing agents, metal powder, sulfuric acid, etc., and should not be mixed, stored and transported.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:35
Potassium chlorate - Reference Information
| LogP | -2 at 20℃ |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| strong oxidant | potassium chlorate is commonly known as white powder, with luster colorless diamond-shaped plate crystal or white block or powder (monoclinic crystal system), molten potassium chlorate is a strong oxidant, strong combustion, and flammable substances (such as carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, sulfite, pyrophosphate, etc.) When mixed with organic matter, it explodes violently upon impact; it is also easy to explode when encountering concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid. The explosion is more violent in the presence of metal powder. If heavy metal salts are mixed, explosive heavy metal chlorate can be generated. Under sunlight, an explosion can occur and chlorite is generated. Potassium chlorate should be stored in a closed container without light. Potassium chlorate aqueous solution is more oxidizing in acidic medium, and weaker in neutral and alkaline solutions. Potassium chlorate can be used as oxidant, analytical reagent, medical supplies, disinfectant, and a large amount of raw materials for matches, detonators, and explosives. Potassium chlorate is produced by electrolysis in industry. After sodium chlorate is prepared by electrolysis of sodium chloride aqueous solution without diaphragm, it is obtained by metathesis reaction with potassium chloride. Potassium chlorate is toxic and rats are orally LD5012g/kg. It can be absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes. If 5~10g enters the digestive organs, it is enough to kill. The corrosiveness is enhanced when water coexists. Potassium chlorate is corrosive to various common metals. Stay away from metal powder. And should be separated from combustibles, organic matter, acids, ammonium salts, sulfur, flammable steam and other easily oxidizable substances. Thorough cleaning should be carried out before and after loading. Any potassium chlorate spill must be removed and disposed of immediately. When loading and unloading, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded, and do not rub or hit. Fire fighting methods can be sanded or large amounts of water. Inhaling powder or entering the mouth by mistake can cause poisoning. Poisoning should be sent to hospital for treatment immediately. Rinse with clean water in contact with skin. It can be used as a firing agent for matches by using its thermal decomposition and release of oxygen. The amount of potassium chlorate in a match head accounts for 50%. More than 80% potassium chlorate is used in match industry. This feature is also used for fireworks, explosives and detonators. The bleaching agent chlorine dioxide can be prepared by the reaction of potassium chlorate and oxalic acid. the reaction formula is: 2KClO3+2H2C2O4 = K2C2O4 + 2H2O +2CO2+2ClO2 potassium chlorate can also be used as a medical astringent and gargle, and 2 ~ 4% potassium chlorate solution can be used as a detergent for pharyngitis and intraoral inflammation. |
| Potassium chlorate to produce oxygen | Manganese dioxide catalyst is added to potassium chlorate, and potassium chloride is generated after heating, and oxygen is released at the same time. This is a common laboratory Oxygen production method: The melting point of potassium chlorate is 356 ℃, and it decomposes at nearly 400 ℃. There are two parallel reactions: 4 KClO3 --- 3 KClO4 KCl 2 KClO3 --- 2KCl 3O2 ↑ when manganese dioxide is present, the speed of the latter reaction can be greatly accelerated and the reaction temperature can be reduced. Therefore, the method of heating the manganese dioxide mixture of potassium chlorate is commonly used in the laboratory to produce oxygen. Before the experiment, manganese dioxide should be burned in an evaporating dish or crucible to remove impurities such as carbon powder and organic matter, and prevent these impurities from reacting violently with potassium chlorate to cause explosion. Potassium chlorate crystals often contain larger particles, which should be crushed with a pestle in a mortar, and must not be ground hard, otherwise it will cause potassium chlorate to explode. When the mass ratio of potassium chlorate to manganese dioxide is 3:1, the reaction is the fastest, and the reaction slows down when the manganese dioxide content decreases. Different ratios can be used according to the specific conditions of the experiment. The mixing of the two substances is generally carried out in an evaporating dish, and they are slowly and evenly mixed with a glass rod or medicine spoon; do not put the mixture in a mortar and stir with a pestle, otherwise danger will occur; if you mix medicine on paper, Be careful not to mix paper scraps or fibers into the medicine. The experiment uses a solid-solid heating gas production device. When heating the medicine in the test tube, the alcohol lamp should be gradually moved back from the front of the medicine to make the medicine fully react. If the heating is directly concentrated in the middle of the medicine, the generated oxygen will flush out the unreacted solid powder in the front and block the airway. If Mars appears in the test tube when the mixture is heated, it means that there are flammable impurities in it. When there is more Mars, the heating should be stopped immediately to avoid explosion accidents. in this experiment, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium chloride and other substances can be used instead of manganese dioxide as catalyst. In addition, oxygen can be prepared by heating potassium permanganate or oxidizing hydrogen peroxide with potassium permanganate in the laboratory. |
| Production of potassium chlorate by electrolysis | Production of potassium chlorate by electrolysis is to use refined saturated brine to pass direct current in the electrolytic cell. After electrolysis, NaClO3 solution can be obtained. This solution is metathesis with potassium chloride (KCl) to obtain potassium chlorate solution. Then, cooling crystallization, solid-liquid separation, refining, drying and crushing are carried out to obtain potassium chlorate. 1. salt water refining Dissolve salt into saturated salt water, and add NaOH, Na2CO3 and BaCl2 to remove impurities such as Ca2 and Mg2. Refined brine neutralizes excess alkali with hydrochloric acid, adjusts pH = 6~7, and adds sodium red alum to make the Na2Cr2O7 content in refined brine 1.5~2.0g/L to prevent ClO-reduction. 2. the brine after electrolysis purification contains NaCl, graphite (ceramic-based lead dioxide, TiRu metal) is used as anode, ordinary mild steel is used as cathode, the distance between electrodes is 2~4mm, and electrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 40~90 ℃ and pH of 6.7. When the NaClO3 content in the electrolyte reaches 400g/L, the electrolysis is stopped and the electrolyte is sent to the next process. The electrolysis process reaction is as follows: Nacl 3H2O -- NaclO3 3H2. 3. removing bromine and hypochlorite acidify the electrolysis finish solution with hydrochloric acid and heat it to 110 ℃, blow off bromine and hypochlorite with air in the bromine removal tower to reduce bromate in the product and avoid ClO-corrosion of equipment. 4. the sodium chlorate solution after bromine removal by metathesis reaction is added with KCl slightly lower than the theoretical amount, and the reaction is stirred at 60 ℃ to generate KClO3. 5. cooling the solution after the crystallization metathesis reaction and performing cooling crystallization to obtain crude KClO3. The cooling temperature is about 45 ℃. The mother liquor is evaporated and concentrated to precipitate NaCl, and the salt feeding process is recycled. 6. potassium chlorate refined crude KClO3 after centrifugal dehydration, add water in the refining tank, and introduce steam to dissolve the crystallization, and then perform cooling crystallization to obtain refined KClO3. The mother liquor returns to the metathesis tank. 7. after drying and crushing, the refined KClO3 after dehydration is dried and crushed to below 120 mesh, which is the finished product of potassium chlorate. |
| potassium chlorate corrosion solution | potassium chlorate corrosion solution is also called "Dutch corrosion solution". Copperplate-making materials. Its corrosion performance is very stable. The corroded concave line is vertically downward and hardly expands to the two walls. It is especially suitable for corroding finer works, but the corrosion time is 1 times or even 2-3 times longer than that of nitric acid corrosion solution. Its preparation composition: water 1000CC, potassium chlorate 200G and hydrochloric acid 1000CC are used to corrode the copper plate. The zinc version was corroded by water 1000CC, potassium chlorate 200G and hydrochloric acid 170CC. The summer temperature potassium perchlorate can be appropriately increased, the winter temperature is low, potassium chlorate can be appropriately reduced. The preparation method: heat the pottery pot with clear water until boiling, put potassium chlorate in, stir until completely dissolved, remove the pottery pot, stop heating, and slowly pour the corresponding amount of hydrochloric acid into the solution when it is slightly cold. The prepared potassium chlorate corrosion solution should be dark yellow, and a small amount of crystallization precipitate after complete cooling, which means that the composition is saturated. The prepared potassium chlorate cannot be used immediately and should be used after 1-2 days. When preparing potassium chlorate corrosion solution, strong irritating gas should be produced, which is harmful to human body. Especially when hydrochloric acid is injected into potassium chlorate solution, it is best to move to the outside. Operators should stand in the leeward direction and use natural wind to disperse strong gas. Operators should wear masks and gloves. Reference material: Editor-in-Chief Li Xiqin. Art Ci Lin · Print Art Volume. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Fine Arts Publishing House. 1992. p. 69. |
| related chemical reaction | potassium chlorate reacts with bromine or iodine to generate potassium bromate or potassium iodate, chlorine or iodine chloride, etc. potassium chlorate reacts with elemental zinc in different media to generate potassium chloride or potassium nitrate, etc. adding formic acid solution to solid potassium chlorate at normal temperature can generate potassium chloride, chlorine dioxide and carbon dioxide are released at the same time. The action of potassium chlorate and oxalic acid solution can generate potassium oxalate, potassium carbonate and potassium chloride, and carbon dioxide can be generated at the same time. Potassium chlorate and hexafluorosilicon (IV) acid or nitric acid can produce chloric acid, at the same time, potassium hexafluorosilicate (Ⅳ) and potassium nitrate can be generated. 2KClO3 H2SiF6 = K2SiF6 2HClO3 KClO3 HNO3 = KNO3 HClO3 potassium chlorate can react with sulfuric acid to generate potassium sulfate or potassium bisulfate, etc. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolution grams per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 3.3g/0 ℃;5.2g/10 ℃;7.3g/20 ℃;10.1g/30 ℃;13.9g/40 ℃ 23.8g/60 ℃;37.5g/80 ℃;46g/90 ℃;56.3g/100 ℃ |
| toxicity | potassium chlorate is a blood poison that can turn hemoglobin into denatured hemoglobin and decompose red blood cells. Can stimulate the skin and even ulcer, accompanied by facial edema. If you accidentally splash into the eyes or splash on the skin, you should immediately rinse with a large amount of water, and if you are serious, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment. When inhaling a large amount of dust or taking this product by mistake, acute poisoning will occur, vomiting and bile, acute gastrointestinal disorders, and damage the kidneys. In severe cases, mental disorders and even death will occur. When eating by mistake, drink salt water or warm soapy water to spit it out and send it to the hospital for treatment immediately. The lethal dose was 10g. Production personnel should wear work clothes, protective masks, latex gloves and other labor protection supplies to protect respirators and skin. Production equipment should be airtight and workshop ventilation should be good. |
| use | used to make oxidants, pyrotechnics and gunpowder in matchheads. The printing and dyeing industry is used as an oxidant and mordant for aniline dye dyeing. Used medically as a fungicide and preservative. It is used as a herbicide in agriculture. It is also used for printing ink, papermaking and bleaching. Used as a raw material for analytical reagents, oxidants, oxygen and explosives, used in the pharmaceutical industry Used for making matches, gunpowder, fireworks, and also used in printing and dyeing, dyes, papermaking, etc. |
| production method | electrolysis method electrolyzes saturated salt aqueous solution to prepare sodium chlorate solution, and carries out metathesis reaction with a certain amount of potassium chloride. when the reaction solution is cooled to below 35 ℃, crystallization is precipitated, mother liquor is separated, crude potassium chlorate is refined, and when the refined solution contains 280g/L potassium chlorate and 40g/L sodium chloride, then carry out secondary cooling to 25 ℃ to precipitate crystallization, centrifugal separation, water washing, air drying and crushing at 65 ℃ to obtain potassium chlorate finished product. Its Nacl 3H2O [electrolysis] → NaClO3 3H2NaC1O3 KCl → KClO3 NaCl chemical method dissolves and digests lime with water to make lime milk, and then sends it to a chloride tower. chlorine gas is introduced to react to generate calcium chlorate and the like. the reaction solution contains calcium chlorate> 50g/L and calcium hypochlorite <25g/L. alkali sulfide is added to remove free chlorine. after pressure filtration, the filtrate is redecomposed with the added potassium chloride, the solution is evaporated and concentrated, cooled and crystallized, centrifugally separated, and the obtained crude potassium chlorate crystals are refined, and then dissolved, recrystallized, centrifuged, dried and crushed at 65°C to obtain a finished product of potassium chlorate. Its 6Ca(OH)2 6Cl2 → Ca(C1O3)2 5CaCl2 6 H2OCa(C103)2 2KCl → 2KC1O3 CaC12 |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1870 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | blastable when mixed with organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus and other flammable materials |
| flammability hazard characteristics | combustible in case of organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus and other flammable materials; combustion produces toxic chloride smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation; light loading and unloading; separate from organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur and phosphorus flammable materials |
| fire extinguishing agent | mist water |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:05:12
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